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The Pahlavi hat ((ペルシア語:کلاه پهلوی)) was an item of headgear for men introduced in the Imperial State of Iran by Reza Shah. The introduction of the hat, in August 1927, was part of Reza Shah's drive to westernize and modernize Iran, which included introducing European-style clothing.〔Chehabi, H. E. ''Staging the Emperor's New Clothes: Dress-Codes and Nation-Building under Reza Shah'', Iranian Studies, v.26, 3-4〕 The hat (to be worn with a European-style coat and trousers) was cylindrical with a peak, being based on the French military kepi, and was available in black or beige. The hat's peak, by obstructing the touching of the forehead to the ground during prayer, was seen as an attempt to reduce the influence of religious ritual in Iranian society (although unlike brimmed European hats it could be turned around for prayer), while its introduction across the whole of society served to efface distinctions in dress amongst different ethnic groups (the Armenians in particular objected to being made to wear it). Although widely adopted in cities, the Pahlavi hat was initially perceived as 'foreign' and proved deeply unpopular.〔Chehabi, H. E. ''Staging the Emperor's New Clothes: Dress-Codes and Nation-Building under Reza Shah'', Iranian Studies, v.26, 3-4〕 European observers were also unimpressed with the hat; Robert Byron, who adopted one as a disguise while visiting a mosque, commented that it made the wearer look like a "decayed railway porter".〔Byron, R. ''The Road to Oxiana'', p.55〕 Despite this, the Pahlavi hat had become widespread by the 1930s. At the Tenth Majlis in June 1935, it was announced that the Pahlavi hat would be replaced by the fedora, a conventional European-style hat. This, along with other innovations introduced by Reza Shah's government, provoked mass demonstrations in July in the city of Mashhad, which were suppressed by the army, resulting in many deaths.〔Majd, M. ''Great Britain & Reza Shah: the plunder of Iran, 1921-1941'', University Press of Florida, 2001, p.213〕 ==See also== *Fez 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Pahlavi hat」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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